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Design in the Age of Biology: Shifting from a mechanical object ethos to an organic-systems ethos

In the early 20th century, our understanding of physics changed rapidly; now our understanding of biology is undergoing a similar rapid shift. Freeman Dyson wrote: “It is likely that biotechnology will dominate our lives and our economic activities during the second half of the twentyfirst century, just as computer technology dominated our lives and our economy during the second half of the twentieth.” Recent breakthroughs in biology are largely about information - understanding how organisms encode it, store, reproduce, transmit, and express it - mapping genomes, editing DNA sequences, mapping cell-signaling pathways. Changes in our understanding of physics, accompanied by rapid industrialization, led to profound cultural shifts: changes in our view of the world and our place in it. In this context, modernism arose. Similarly, recent changes in our understanding of biology are beginning to create new industries and may bring another round of profound cultural shifts: new changes in our view of the world and our place in it…

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