ACM Interactions

Authors:
Hiroshi Ishii, Dávid Lakatos, Leonardo Bonanni, Jean-Baptiste Labrune

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Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) let users see digital information only through a screen, as if looking into a pool of water, as depicted in Figure 1 on page 40. We interact with the forms below through remote controls, such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a touchscreen (Figure 1a). Now imagine an iceberg, a mass of ice that penetrates the surface of the water and provides a handle for the mass beneath. This metaphor describes tangible user interfaces: They act as physical manifestations of computation, allowing us to interact directly with the portion that is made tangible—the "tip of…

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